Comparative analysis of tissue-specific transcriptomic responses to nitrogen stress in spinach (Spinacia oleracea).

Comparative analysis of tissue-specific transcriptomic responses to nitrogen stress in spinach (Spinacia oleracea).

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Nitrogen (N) is critical to the growth and productivity of crops.To understand the molecular mechanisms influenced by N stress, we used RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) here in root and leaf tissues of spinach.N stress negatively influenced photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, amino acid profiles, and partitioning of N across tissues.

RNA-seq analysis revealed that N stress caused most transcriptomic changes in roots, identifying 1,346 DEGs.High-affinity nitrate transporters (NRT2.1, NRT2.

5) and glutamine amidotransferase (GAT1) genes were strongly induced in roots in response to N deplete and replete conditions, respectively.GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the functions associated with metabolic pathways and nutrient reservoir activity were enriched due to N stress.Whereas KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated the upregulation of DEGs associated with DNA replication, pyrimidine, and purine metabolism in the presence of high N in leaf tissue.

A subset of transcription factors comprising bHLH, MYB, WRKY, and AP2/ERF family members was over-represented in both tissues in response to N perturbation.Interesting DEGs associated with N uptake, amino acid metabolism, hormonal pathway, carbon metabolism, deva curl arc angel along with transcription factors, were highlighted.The results provide valuable information about the underlying molecular processes in response to N stress in spinach and; could serve as a resource for functional analysis of candidate genes/pathways and enhancement of nitrogen use efficiency.